Slide 2 of 52
Notes:
The City of Austin, Texas first pioneered the use of sand filters to treat urban stormwater runoff in the early 1980's. Since then the practice has rapidly evolved, with nearly a dozen variants of the basic sand filter design developed in response to different climatic, development and site conditions. For purposes of this slideshow, sand filter designs are grouped into five broad categories:
In addition, this slideshow discusses bioretention, a filter variation using a "made" soil media where the surface runoff is directed into shallow, landscaped depressions.